Core URL's
1) Blog URL
http://hoshiyuki91.blogspot.com/
2) WebSpace URL
http://www.student.city.ac.uk/~abgz109/site/
3) Javascript application URL
http://www.student.city.ac.uk/~abgz109/site/java.html
References and Resources
3.1. Introduction
MacFarlane, A. et al (2009) Lecture 01: Blogs. London: City University.
Blogger (accessed: 28th September 2009)
https://www.blogger.com/start
3.2 Text/HTML
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 02: Digital Representation and Organisation, Meta-Data/Markup. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
Binary file - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia - (accessed: 5th October 2009)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary_file
3.3 Internet/WWW
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 03: The Internet and the World Wide Web. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
3.4 Images & graphics
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 04: Graphical information. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
Google Images (accessed: 12th October 2009)
http://images.google.co.uk/
3.5 XML
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 05: XML -- The eXtensibe Mark-up Language. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
Boumphrey, F. and Harrison, M. (2000), XML for the Healthcare Executive.
3.6 CSS
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 06: The Document Object Model and the presentation and styling of information. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
A List Apart: Articles: Alternative Style: Working With Alternate Style Sheets (accessed: 3rd January 2010)
http://www.alistapart.com/articles/alternate/
3.7 Databases
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 07: Structuring and querying information stored in databases. London: City University. (based on original work by Krause, A.)
Deitel, P.J. and Deitel, H.M. (2009) Horton, Marcia J. et al. Internet & World Wide Web HOW TO PROGRAM FOURTH EDITION Person International Edition. Prentice Hall
3.8 Information retrieval
MacFarlane, A. et al (2009) Lecture 08: Information Retrieval. London: City University.
Bing (accessed: 23rd November 2009)
http://www.bing.com/
3.9 Client-side programming
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 09: A very gentle introduction to programming. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
JavaScript Tutorial - Webmonkey - (accessed: 30th November 2009)
http://www.webmonkey.com/tutorial/JavaScript_Tutorial_-_Lesson_1
JavaScript Tutorial – w3schools.com - (accessed: 30th November 2009)
http://www.w3schools.com/js/default.asp
Deitel, P.J. and Deitel, H.M. (2009) Horton, Marcia J. et al. Internet & World Wide Web HOW TO PROGRAM FOURTH EDITION Person International Edition. Prentice Hall
3.10 Information architectures
Butterworth, R (2009) Lecture 10: Information architecture. London: City University. (based on original work by Dykes, J.)
Rosenfeld, L. and Morville, P. (2007) Information Architecture for the World Wide Web (3rd Edition). O'Reilly Media.
Thursday, December 17, 2009
Wednesday, December 16, 2009
Session10 Information Architectures
According to Rosenfeld and Morville (2007) a term ‘Information Architecture ‘can be defined in different ways such as ;
Information Architecture has significant role to play when constructing a website which serves a lot of contents and information effectively and efficiency. First of all, a team which develop the websites should include a wide range of individuals who with professional skills such as web developing, graphic design, content creation, programming, information architecture, and so on. Once the team is organized, the other important point is setting a goal. In other word, what information does the website want to serve and where does the website want to navigate your audience.
In order to navigate users effectively and successfully, content on a website should be well organized according to some schemes such as alphabetical, chronological, and geographical.
Personalization and customization are interactive features which provide users innovative experience by showing them a unique content depends on individuals.
Personalization provides content based on their previous behavior. Amazon. com is one example. Amazon shows items in which a user might be interested on his/her login page from a record of previous behavior. Customization allows users to arrange the appearance and information a website provide according to their preference. Both features require the login system and database.
- The combination of organization, labeling, and navigation schemes within an information system.
- The structural design of an information space to facilitate task completion and intuitive access to content
- The art and science of structuring and classifying web sites and intranets to help people find and manage information
- An emerging discipline and community of practice focused on bringing principles of design and architecture to the digital landscape.
Information Architecture has significant role to play when constructing a website which serves a lot of contents and information effectively and efficiency. First of all, a team which develop the websites should include a wide range of individuals who with professional skills such as web developing, graphic design, content creation, programming, information architecture, and so on. Once the team is organized, the other important point is setting a goal. In other word, what information does the website want to serve and where does the website want to navigate your audience.
In order to navigate users effectively and successfully, content on a website should be well organized according to some schemes such as alphabetical, chronological, and geographical.
Personalization and customization are interactive features which provide users innovative experience by showing them a unique content depends on individuals.
Personalization provides content based on their previous behavior. Amazon. com is one example. Amazon shows items in which a user might be interested on his/her login page from a record of previous behavior. Customization allows users to arrange the appearance and information a website provide according to their preference. Both features require the login system and database.
Session9 Client side programming
There are lots of computer languages such as XML, HTML, CSS, MYSQL. And there are tow different types of programming which are client side programming and server side programming. Programming is based on the finite rules, however the combination of these fundamental allows users to construct more complex program.
There are many server-side technologies such as JavaScript, JavaApplets, Flash, VRML and SVG. Information from server is processed by browser.
There are seven basic key concepts for almost all programming languages.
1. Variables
Variable is a function which can store and replace a piece of information according to the process in which the programming language run. In order to explain the concept of variables, buckets are often taken as an example. A bucket can store only one type of information. For instance, a bucket has numerical information or a bucket has text.
2. Input and output
Being able to control the content and construction of the HTML is one of the strong points JavaScript has. Regarding input, the simplest way is to respond what user has done. For example, attribute “onclick” react when user click an area where designed by programming code.
3. Array
Array is a series of variables which is ordered by numbers in square brackets and creates liner information as output.
4. Sequence
Sequence is an order of events which is designated by programming code. For example, if calculate an area of circle, we need to set the radius and pi in advance.
5. Selection
Selection is a function which allows users to switch some parts of the structure of the programming code only under certain circumstance. Selection is executed by using ‘if then’ or ‘if then else’ statement.
6. Iteration
Iteration is a function to occur an event repeatedly. ‘While’ statement is used to implement this function.
7. Functions
Functions are called in different names depends on the programming languages. It is not built-in command and users can set up their own command by defining functions.
There are many server-side technologies such as JavaScript, JavaApplets, Flash, VRML and SVG. Information from server is processed by browser.
There are seven basic key concepts for almost all programming languages.
1. Variables
Variable is a function which can store and replace a piece of information according to the process in which the programming language run. In order to explain the concept of variables, buckets are often taken as an example. A bucket can store only one type of information. For instance, a bucket has numerical information or a bucket has text.
2. Input and output
Being able to control the content and construction of the HTML is one of the strong points JavaScript has. Regarding input, the simplest way is to respond what user has done. For example, attribute “onclick” react when user click an area where designed by programming code.
3. Array
Array is a series of variables which is ordered by numbers in square brackets and creates liner information as output.
4. Sequence
Sequence is an order of events which is designated by programming code. For example, if calculate an area of circle, we need to set the radius and pi in advance.
5. Selection
Selection is a function which allows users to switch some parts of the structure of the programming code only under certain circumstance. Selection is executed by using ‘if then’ or ‘if then else’ statement.
6. Iteration
Iteration is a function to occur an event repeatedly. ‘While’ statement is used to implement this function.
7. Functions
Functions are called in different names depends on the programming languages. It is not built-in command and users can set up their own command by defining functions.
Session8 Information Retrieval
Defining Information Retrieval (IR)
Information-searching activity is one of the fundamental aspects of our modern lives. The Internet allows us to enrich knowledge by accessing online resources such as text documents, images, sound and video files and geographic information.
There are 3 different points of view for information retrieval (IR). The first one is a view from users. Users search information in order to enrich their inadequate knowledge. Another perspective is from system. The IR system allows us to store, manipulate and retrieve information. The last one is a view from sources which is related to presentation of information.
Indexing
In order to let users to find what they are interested in effectively, indexing is very important. To achieve this, there are several steps. The first process is identifying fields such as Title and Author. Once it has been done, users can narrow their search according to their criteria. The second step is identifying words. In this step, words are split up by spaces. The third step is stemming in which suffixes are eliminated. For example cook, cooking, cooked and cooks are combined to cook. In addition to this, extra step is synonym which is a term with almost same meaning as another term.
Search Models
Users can achieve documents they are interested in by using search engine which is based on a retrieval mechanism. Boolean is a dominant logic behind the retrieval mechanism. The combination of three operators which are AND, OR, and NOT allows users to narrow the search get relevant resources effectively. The following are examples
Information-searching activity is one of the fundamental aspects of our modern lives. The Internet allows us to enrich knowledge by accessing online resources such as text documents, images, sound and video files and geographic information.
There are 3 different points of view for information retrieval (IR). The first one is a view from users. Users search information in order to enrich their inadequate knowledge. Another perspective is from system. The IR system allows us to store, manipulate and retrieve information. The last one is a view from sources which is related to presentation of information.
Indexing
In order to let users to find what they are interested in effectively, indexing is very important. To achieve this, there are several steps. The first process is identifying fields such as Title and Author. Once it has been done, users can narrow their search according to their criteria. The second step is identifying words. In this step, words are split up by spaces. The third step is stemming in which suffixes are eliminated. For example cook, cooking, cooked and cooks are combined to cook. In addition to this, extra step is synonym which is a term with almost same meaning as another term.
Search Models
Users can achieve documents they are interested in by using search engine which is based on a retrieval mechanism. Boolean is a dominant logic behind the retrieval mechanism. The combination of three operators which are AND, OR, and NOT allows users to narrow the search get relevant resources effectively. The following are examples
- swimming AND running: result includes documents contain both swimming and running.
- swimming OR running: result includes documents contain both swimming and runninge or one of them.
- swimming NOT running: result includes documents contain swimming and not contain running.
Session7 Databases
Database management system (DBMS)
A database management system provides users the access to a database in order to organize, store, retrieve and change an integrated data collection. Relational database system has become a prominent database management system in these days. SQL is a language used to manage data in relational databases. There are some relational database management systems such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL, Server, PostgreSQL and MySQL.
Database management system has some advantages. One of them is centralization which can avoid unnecessary duplication and establish a comprehensive collection of data which can be shared by individual users. In addition to this, security is another strong point of database management system as data can be controlled and protected appropriately by database administrator.
Relational database
A relational database logically represents the data stored in a database by using 2-dimentional table which contain rows and columns.
A figure below demonstrates an example.
The Number column is defined as the primary key in the table and values in the column is used to identify a row uniquely from others. Therefore, two same numbers (primary keys) can not be exist in the Number column.
Furthermore, information stored in relational databases can be stored separately in multiple tables which are connected by foreign keys each other.
SQL
SQL is a most common database managing language. Typing command in the command line is the way you interact with a database management system.
Query
Querying and getting only specific pieces of the data out of a table is main feature of SQL. SQL queries can be done by using several important commands such as SELECT, FROM and WHERE. SELECT command and FROM command can be used to select field(s) and table(s) which users are interested in respectively. WHERE command allows users to filter the data according to certain criteria.
A database management system provides users the access to a database in order to organize, store, retrieve and change an integrated data collection. Relational database system has become a prominent database management system in these days. SQL is a language used to manage data in relational databases. There are some relational database management systems such as Oracle, Microsoft SQL, Server, PostgreSQL and MySQL.
Database management system has some advantages. One of them is centralization which can avoid unnecessary duplication and establish a comprehensive collection of data which can be shared by individual users. In addition to this, security is another strong point of database management system as data can be controlled and protected appropriately by database administrator.
Relational database
A relational database logically represents the data stored in a database by using 2-dimentional table which contain rows and columns.
A figure below demonstrates an example.
The Number column is defined as the primary key in the table and values in the column is used to identify a row uniquely from others. Therefore, two same numbers (primary keys) can not be exist in the Number column.
Furthermore, information stored in relational databases can be stored separately in multiple tables which are connected by foreign keys each other.
SQL
SQL is a most common database managing language. Typing command in the command line is the way you interact with a database management system.
Query
Querying and getting only specific pieces of the data out of a table is main feature of SQL. SQL queries can be done by using several important commands such as SELECT, FROM and WHERE. SELECT command and FROM command can be used to select field(s) and table(s) which users are interested in respectively. WHERE command allows users to filter the data according to certain criteria.
Subscribe to:
Posts (Atom)